Abstract:

The review article describes the current trends in the development of some groups of metallic biomaterials used in implantology, namely stainless steels and alloys based on cobalt, tantalum, niobium, zirconium. The basic approach in improving the biocompatibility of stainless steel for bioapplication is defined, which is the development of a chemical composition without toxic nickel, which is replaced by manganese and nitrogen. Modern nickel-free stainless steels of various alloying systems (Cr - Mn - N, Cr - Mn - Mo - N, Cr - Mn - Mo - Ni - N, etc.) are emphasized. High level of biocompatibility of alloys based on cobalt, zirconium, niobium, tantalum is indicated. Possibilities of using cobalt alloys (Co - Cr - W - Ni, Co - Cr - Mo, Co - Cr - Mo - N systems) for the manufacture of artificial joints with high mechanical properties and durability are shown. The prospect of using zirconium alloys (Zr - Nb, Zr - Mo, Zr - Mo - Nb) systems with -structure as materials with low magnetic susceptibility has been established to improve the informativeness of MRI results in patients with metal implants by reducing the number of artifacts caused by magnetic properties of implants. The perspective of the novel tantalum and niobium alloys for the production of new generation non-toxic stents is shown. Tantalum alloys are highly compatible with blood, reducing the ability of the stent to thrombus. The mechanical and biological properties of porous tantalum (tantalum foam) are described, the emphasis is given to its biostimulating effect on bone remodulation processes. High corrosion resistance of alloys based on niobium in a liquid of a human body is noted, the possibility of increase of their mechanical properties due to plastic deformation is described.

Keywords: implant, cobalt, tantalum, niobium, zirconium, magnetic susceptibility, biocompatibility