Abstract:

The work is devoted the analysis and construction of models of gold nanoparticles’ properties. In work nanoparticles’ classification analysis, in particular, gold, their ways of reception and the basic properties is carried out. On the basis of the literary data the analysis of degree of toxicity and the reasons of gold nanoparticles’ toxicity is carried out. As a result of analyses models of gold nanoparticles’ properties are under construction. In recent years, the researchers have focused on the practical implementation of nanosized materials in biomedical technology. A special place among such materials used for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes, occupy nanoparticles of gold. To date, a significant number of works on their use in various fields of experimental pathology have been published. Nanoparticles of gold are used as carriers for the delivery of drugs, genetic material, antigens and as a medical or diagnostic tool for the treatment of tumors and rheumatoid arthritis, with a number of drugs being tested. The high efficiency of using nanosized gold particles in the treatment of malignant neoplasms of the skin and its appendages by means of controlled local hyperthermia in the experiment was revealed. Most researchers prefer parenteral administration of nanoparticles of gold in the body of animals and humans. But besides the positive, therapeutic effects of accumulation in skin epidermal tumor tissues, there are also negative ones. Accumulation in the internal organs (the liver, spleen, lungs, kidneys) leads to a violation of organ and tissue microcirculation, the development of dystrophic changes in them. The transdermal permeability of intact and damaged skin for golden nanoscale materials, with the exception of titanium oxide used for cosmetic purposes, has not been studied in practice. Intact skin is a natural barrier to nano-particles. Of the known compounds that enhance transdermal diffusion, including low molecular weight, at that time, the most known are sulfur organics such as dimethylsulfoxide and thiophanesulphoxide. They provide practically instantaneous percutaneous suction. Taking into account the high safety and accuracy of local administration of nanoparticles directly into the tissue of the epidermal tumor, and with the possible elimination of the side effects of accumulation in the internal organs, it is important to study the permeability of the skin for nanosheets of gold in combination with compounds that enhance their transdermal diffusion.

Keywords: nanoparticles, gold, toxicity